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| HTA Home Page | Links | Latin America | Colonial | |
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This subcategory contains 53 links "This was the first systematic code to govern the conduct of settlers in America, particularly in their relations with the native Indians. Among other innovations, the Laws initiated the official use of the old Spanish legal term encomienda, with its implication of duty as well as privilege, in place of the term repartimiento, hitherto used in the Indies to describe the distribution of groups of Indians to individual Spaniards for compulsory labor. The provisions in the Laws for the protection of the natives were considered by the Dominicans to be inadequate and unenforceable; but they represented the first small breach in the wall of officiaL indifference." José de Acosta, a Jesuit chronicler of Spanish South America in the late sixteenth century, wrote on the interbreeding of Spaniards with non-Europeans. Beginning of a biography of the famous defender of the Indians. Includes photos. From H-Net From Historical Documents Relating to New Mexico, Nueva Vizcaya, and Approaches Thereto, ed. Charles W. Hackett (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1923), vol. 1, pp. 33-69, passim. By Hubert Howe Bancroft, a 19th century historian. 1542 document. "THIS SIXTEENTH-CENTURY odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca's is one of the great true epics of history. It is the semi-official report to the king of Spain by the ranking surviving officer of a royal expedition to conquer Florida which fantastically miscarried. Four out of a land-force of 300 men--by wits, stamina and luck--found their way back to civilization after eight harrowing years and roughly 6,000 miles over mostly unknown reaches of North America. They were the first Europeans to see and live to report the interior of Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and northernmost Mexico; the 'possum and the buffalo; the Mississippi and the Pecos; pine-nut mash and mesquite-bean flour; and a long string of Indian Stone Age tribes. What these wanderers merely heard and surmised had just as great an effect on subsequent events as what they learned at first hand." Images and a document. Spanish empire. Think sheet on castes/castas. Nice images to illustrate Spanish ideas on genetic mixtures. PROBLEM: Why did virtually all of Spain's American colonies eschew their allegiance to her and declare themselves independent republics during the first quarter of the l9th century after some 300 years of voluntary obedience to and defense of the Crown? Translated original document. "Bring alive the study of Colonial Latin America - this collection of images, sounds, and text can help approach this history in a creative and mind expanding way." From Peter Bakewell at Emory. " This Web Site, created and managed by Richard L. Garner, is dedicated to the study of the Economic History of Colonial Latin America and the Atlantic World. It includes on-line essays that analyze colonial economic data, data sets including the accounts of the Spanish royal treasury, and a bibliography that contains more than 2,000 titles." Chronology as an aid to students and others. A slide show from the University of Michigan Colonial Latin America is an outstanding and brief history of the colonial period of Latin America. Buy a copy from Llumina Press and enjoy! Notes on the Spanish American colonial economy. Jean de Léry, 1578 Brief notes on the Spanish and Portuguese national monarchies. Scholarly book by Alida C. Metcalf Extensive notes on the government and law in Spanish Colonial America Scholarly book but images omitted Spanish commentators on the South American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. Dr. Kris Lang presents images from the late colonial period. Click on the thumbnails. The following translation is by Tom Holloway, History, Cornell University, from the version published in A. Arellano Moreno (org.), DOCUMENTOS PARA LA HISTORIA ECONOMICA DE VENEZUELA, (Caracas, Univ. Central, 1961). The letter of 1553 from a merchant in Seville to his partner and agent in Lima. Scholarly book Brief outline of Brazil in its colonial era, identifying major periods. Brief notes on how Spain defended its New World empire. By Don Mabry. Scholarly book by Christine Hünefeldt Slideshow prepared by Dr. Kris Lane. The thumbnails lead to larger images. Peter Winn's informative review of a controversial conquistador and rogue. "instructions given by the Emperor Charles V to Don Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy of New Spain (Mexico) in 1535. The instructions reveal not only what the Spanish crown intended a viceroy to do in those early years of the empire, but also the crown's notions of the colonies' usefulness to Spain." Engraving by Theodor de Bry, 1590. Think sheet with links. The structure of the New World Spanish empire. Subtitle: Indian Politics and Imperial Rivalry in the Darien, 1640-1750. Book by Ignacio Galluo Diaz. Scholarly book by Robert J. Ferry Essay by Meredith Scott explaining the system and its effects. From Henry C. Lea: The Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies, 1908 "The Laws and ordinances newly made by His Majesty for the government of the Indies and good treatment and preservation of the Indians created a set of pro-Indian laws - so pro-Indian that they some had to be revoked in Mexico and in Peru due to settler opposition. where the viceroy was killed when he attempted to enforce them." 1500-1650. Graph showing the volume of trade. Think sheet with links. Henrique Chagas, a Brazilian lawyer, includes info and photos of Paraguayan missions in this web site. Excellent organizational chart Colored simple map showing Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, ca. 1650 Simple, colored map showing the extent of the Viceroyalty. Map of Atlantic winds and currents in summer. Important to understand sailing ships crossing the Atlantic. |
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